The Expanding Role of Chatbots in Modern Medicine

The integration of chatbot technology into healthcare has rapidly progressed over the past two decades, reflecting a wider shift towards digital health solutions that improve diagnosis, treatment, patient support and overall healthcare efficiency. These artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools are revolutionising how patients and providers interact, offering real-time, personalised support across a range of medical domains, including mental health, oncology, cardiology and chronic disease management. Drawing from a wide array of studies, the implementation of chatbots demonstrates substantial promise, though challenges related to accuracy, emotional responsiveness and integration into clinical workflows remain. Nevertheless, the breadth of application suggests a pivotal role for chatbots in the future of medicine. 

Enhancing Diagnosis and Symptom Detection 
Diagnostic applications of chatbots have shown significant efficacy, particularly in identifying hereditary cancer risks and supporting clinicians with early screening decisions. Platforms such as IBM Watson and ItRuns help interpret patient histories and recommend further screening, playing a crucial role in oncology and other high-risk fields. These tools streamline decision-making by integrating with electronic health records and enhancing the precision of specialist referrals.

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Simultaneously, symptom detection has become a key area for chatbot utility. AI-enabled platforms such as mindLAMP, BiAffect and CardioBot assist patients in self-monitoring and early identification of symptoms, especially in psychiatry and oncology. By analysing real-time behavioural or physiological data, these tools can suggest timely interventions and guide patients toward appropriate care. Others, such as UroChat and KakaoTalk, are tailored for urological and reproductive health, ensuring that patients receive symptom-specific guidance and referrals. This functionality not only increases the precision of diagnosis but also democratises access to healthcare information, particularly for underserved populations.

Improving Treatment and Monitoring 
Once a diagnosis is made, chatbots continue to support healthcare delivery through treatment planning and patient engagement. IBM Watson, for instance, assists in oncology treatment by synthesising patient records and clinical literature to offer personalised therapy recommendations. Meanwhile, Madhu and Mathew chatbots enhance treatment adherence by educating patients, monitoring symptoms and providing reminders for appointments and medication.

The use of chatbots extends into patient monitoring, particularly in chronic disease management. AiCure, Memora Health, STREAMD and Conversa are designed to track medication adherence, symptom fluctuations and overall health status through conversational interfaces and video analysis. These systems offer real-time feedback to clinicians, helping them adjust treatment plans more effectively. The integration of monitoring tools into daily routines ensures continuous care and supports proactive healthcare management. These platforms bridge the gap between patients and providers, promoting accountability, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and reducing clinical workload.

Supporting Patients and Promoting Public Health 
Beyond diagnosis and treatment, chatbots play an increasingly important role in patient support, particularly in mental health care. Tools like Replika, Tess and Unmind offer emotional support, psychoeducation and coping strategies, addressing the need for mental well-being within the broader scope of physical health. These chatbots provide a low-barrier entry point for psychological support, reducing stigma and improving access, especially for those who may be hesitant to seek face-to-face therapy.

Health promotion is another domain where chatbots demonstrate value. Applications such as CoachA, Paola and WeightMentor help users set and achieve wellness goals, from physical activity to dietary improvement. Gamified platforms like Health Hero encourage sustained engagement, while targeted tools like Cory COVID-Bot address public health emergencies by promoting safe behaviours in diverse populations. Through these interventions, chatbots contribute to preventive healthcare, supporting patients in maintaining long-term behavioural changes and enhancing health literacy. 

 
The growing deployment of chatbots in healthcare highlights their transformative potential across diagnosis, treatment, patient monitoring, support and health promotion. These tools offer scalable, cost-effective solutions that personalise care, increase accessibility and improve adherence to medical guidance. While challenges remain in ensuring accuracy, emotional intelligence and clinical integration, the benefits already observed justify continued investment and development. As technology evolves, chatbot functionality is expected to expand, unlocking new pathways for patient engagement, data-driven decision-making and public health improvement. The future of healthcare may well depend on these digital companions that empower both patients and providers to deliver more informed, efficient and compassionate care. 

Source: Cureus 

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